{"id":78,"date":"2023-01-08T19:58:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-08T16:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/?page_id=78"},"modified":"2023-01-28T15:46:22","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T12:46:22","slug":"%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b6%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/?page_id=78","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/\u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79\" srcset=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/\u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438-300x300.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/\u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438.jpeg 1024w, 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srcset=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-15-1.jpeg 960w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-15-1-300x254.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-15-1-768x650.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"678\" src=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-210\" srcset=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-1.jpeg 960w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-1-300x212.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-1-768x542.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"704\" src=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-15.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-211\" srcset=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-15.jpeg 960w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-15-300x220.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-15-768x563.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"724\" src=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-213\" srcset=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-3.jpeg 960w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-3-300x226.jpeg 300w, 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\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b (\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e) \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0410 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c 1910 \u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 1 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u0440\u0443\u0431., 421 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b: 500 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 300 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c 2572 \u0440\u0443\u0431. 50 \u043a\u043e\u043f. \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434. (\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435 10 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1917 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043c\u0451\u043b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0412 1918 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. &#171;\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438&#187; \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u0414\u043e 1931 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0451\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0432 1921 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" src=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-4-300x224.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-229\" srcset=\"http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-4-300x224.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-4-768x574.jpeg 768w, http:\/\/textmemo.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-14-01-23-01-12-4.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0412 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 30 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0435\u043c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0438\u043b\u043e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0438\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p class=\"pvc_stats all \" data-element-id=\"78\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> &nbsp;283&nbsp;total views, &nbsp;1&nbsp;views today<\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u043f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438 1842 &#8212; 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